Met Office Hadley Centre observations datasets
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Download HadIOD.1.2.0.0

Announcements:

02/11/21: From March 2021 onwards, the additional XBT/MBT bias correction files no longer include Gouretski (2012) XBT corrections (corrections are set to missing value). For more information see the product user guide.

28/09/22: From April 2022 onwards, data from ICOADS.3.0.2 is used as a replacement for ICOADS.2.5.1. For more information see the product user guide.

Data Download

For detailed information about the contents, format and usage of these data files, please see the product user guide.

If you use HadIOD data we would be grateful if you could let us know for our records.

For the main data files, bias corrections for near surface temperatures measured by ships are taken from the HadIOD mean ensemble member, bias corrections for expendable bathythermograph (XBT) and mechanical bathythermograph (MBT) temperature profiles use an updated set of corrections based on Gouretski and Reseghetti (2010) which are available as part of the EN4 dataset.

Additional sets of the ship, XBT and MBT bias corrections are provided for exploring the bias correction uncertainty. For more information about dataset bias corrections and uncertainties please see the product user guide.

For any questions please contact us.

Main Data

These files each contain a year of daily data files. The main data files contain the bulk of the data. Additional bias corrections are available in separate files. See Monthly Updates for latest daily data files.

1850s 1860s 1870s
1880s 1890s 1900s
1910s 1920s 1930s
1940s 1950s 1960s
1970s 1980s 1990s
2000s 2010s 2020s

Additional Ship Bias Corrections

These files each contain a year of daily data files. If there are no ship data for a given day, no daily file will be available. See Monthly Updates for latest daily data files.

1850s 1860s 1870s
1880s 1890s 1900s
1910s 1920s 1930s
1940s 1950s 1960s
1970s 1980s 1990s
2000s 2010s 2020s

Additional XBT/MBT Bias Corrections

These files each contain a year of daily data files. Profile data is available in HadIOD.1.2.0.0 from 1900. If there are no XBT or MBT data for a given day, no daily file will be available. See Monthly Updates for latest daily data files.

1900s 1910s 1920s
1930s 1940s 1950s
1960s 1970s 1980s
1990s 2000s 2010s
2020s

Monthly Updates

A new set of files will appear here after each monthly update is complete. We aim to make a monthly update a few months after the end of the target month. Each file contains a month of daily data files.

2023

Help with downloading

Use the links on the left to download the HadIOD data a year at a time. Additional bias corrections and the latest monthly updates are also available. Monthly updates are grouped into a new yearly file once all calendar months are available. Use the links below to jump to what you need:

If you require all years of data one way to do this is to use wget. To do this download the file below (you can edit this if not all files are required).

Assuming that you are in the directory into which the data are to be copied and that the download-list file is also in that directory, the download can then be initiated by typing at the command line (for example):
  • wget -i HadIOD1200.data.download-list.txt

Note: the above method was written for Linux systems but should also be applicable to other operating systems with wget installed.


File formats

The data files are stored in zip files. These can be unpacked using standard utilities such as unzip on Linux systems. Within the zip files are daily data files which are in the NetCDF-4 format (making use of per variable compression). These follow CF v1.7 format, which is a community standard for the exchange of climate data.

Note: We have adopted the CF 'ragged array' format which is appropriate for collections of ocean profile data where the number of sampling depths can differ significantly from one profile to the next. In these files we treat the surface-only data as single-depth profiles. This allows both surface-only (single sampling depth) and profile (multiple sampling depths) data types to be merged and distributed together, which is an aim of HadIOD. CF standards (at 1.7) consider such surface-only observations to be 'point' data, and the mixing of 'point' and 'profile' data types within a file is not at present CF compliant. Thus our files are CF compliant with this single exception. This will not affect the unpacking of the data. Allowing different data types to be combined is something under consideration for future CF versions.

Please see the product user guide for a detailed description of the file format, contents and usage


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